Introduction:- chronic upper abdominal pain ,
is the pain that persists for more than 3 months either continuously or
intermittently .It is a common problem. There are at least 27 differential
diagnoses in the middle upper abdomen,14 differential diagnoses in the right
upper abdomen, and 17 differential diagnoses in the left upper abdomen. Nearly
all patients with chronic abdominal pain have had a prior medical evaluation
that did not yield a diagnosis after history, examination, and basic testing.
Aim:- to assess the best diagnostic approach for the patient with chronic upper
abdominal pain (whom has no leading signs or symptoms) starting from the
history till more advanced investigations and to have an algorithm for this
diagnosis. Patients and methods:- This prospective study is conducted in the
consultant clinic of the Department of Surgery of Alkadhmiya Teaching Hospital
in Baghdad, Iraq, between January 2007 and January 2013. It involves 1320
patients whom chosen by inclusion and exclusion criteria, and had full
assessment by history, examination, investigations and then follow up for 6
months, for data input and analysis we use statistical social sciences using
chi square. Results:- it is significant that most of the patients are females ,
the higher incidence at 30-39 y old , most common site is middle upper abdomen
and most common final diagnosis is gall bladder and biliary problems. There is
significant relationship between the age groups and the differential diagnosis
for patients with chronic upper abdominal pain .Most of the patients were
diagnosed in first step of investigations . There is difference in incidence
between males and females for each disease. Conclusion:- Accurate history and
examination can give clue about the diagnosis, but cannot give the final
diagnosis. There is difference in differential diagnosis for each location of
the pain. The diagnosis of the disease mostly is reached at simple
investigation like ultrasound of the abdomen, and sometimes it need more
specific investigations or interventional investigations. The gender
differential diagnosis of chronic upper abdominal is the same unlike that of
the lower abdominal pain which significantly varies. It is better to has
algorithmic approach to diagnose patients with chronic upper abdominal pain. -
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Tuesday, 3 May 2016
Serum ferritin levels in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction ? A Prospective controlled study. - See more at: http://www.journalijar.com/article/8277/serum-ferritin-levels-in-patients-with-acute-myocardial-infarction-/?-a-prospective-controlled-study.#sthash.4JNiZhBS.dpuf
Background: Various studies showed statistically significant
association of high serum ferritin and AMI while some authors did not find any
significant association of high ferritin and AMI. The main objective of our
study was to compare the ferritin levels in cases and controls, in order to
assess the relationship of serum ferritin with AMI, in both univariate and
multivariate analysis, after controlling for established conventional risk
factors (like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lipids, body mass index,
smoking, and alcohol intake). Materials and methods: The present study was
undertaken in the Department of General Medicine, S.V.S Medical College and
Hospital, Mahabubnagar during 1-8-2010 and 31-7-2014. A total of 150 patients
age, sex and Hemoglobin matched, were recruited from S.V.S Medical College and
hospital for the present study of which 75 subjects constituted the control
group called as the group A and remaining 75 subjects constituted the study
group called as group B. the above cases were recruited irrespective of
presence of any risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol.
Results and observations: The age of the patients varied form a minimum age of
30 yrs to a maximum of 70 years. The mean age of the patients in group A was
51.74 and the mean age in group b was 52.24, the mean age in two groups were
not significantly different from each other t = 0.265, p > 0.05. The mean
values for Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, ferritin are significant
higher in group B compared to group A p < 0.001. The mean value of HDL is
significantly lower in group B compared to group A p < 0.001. Serum ferritin
was significantly higher in the study group and when compared with other
markers of myocardial injury this as significantly elevated as CPK, LDL and
SGOT. Conclusions: The univariate and multivariate analysis with serum lipids,
diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcoholism and obesity showed and
independent risk factor and in the presence of other risk factors the risk
estimated to be much higher. - See more at:http://www.journalijar.com/uploads/460_IJAR-9016.pdf
CRUSTACEAN CARDIOACTIVE PEPTIDE (CCAP) AND CORAZONIN (CRZ) AS PUTATIVE CIRCADIAN CLOCK OUTPUT SIGNALS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE TERRESTRIAL ISOPOD, ARMADILLIDIUM VULGARE (LATREILLE).
Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)- and corazonin
(Crz)-like immunohistochemical reactivity (CCAP-ir and Crz-ir) occurred in
small sets of neurons in the cephalic ganglia of the isopod, Armadillidium
vulgare. The distribution patterns of both reacitivities were similar in the
optic lobe (OL), protocerebrum (PC), tritocerebrum (TC) and suboesophageal mass
(SM). Also, these reactivates were co-localized with circadian clock related
gene products (CYC and CLK) in the OL and SM; 5 CCAP-ir cells occurred in each
OL, weak signals in the pseudofrontal organ (PFO), 2 cells in the PC, one cell
in the accessory lobe (AL), a pair of cells in the TC and 10 cells in the SM,
while Crz-ir occurred in OL, 12 cells in each lobe. PFO was strongly stained,
one cell in PC, pair of cells in TC and 2 pairs of cells in SM one on each
side. Double-labeling experiments also showed that some of the detected cells
reacted with clock proteins, cycle (CYC) and clock (CLK). They were colocalized
with both CCAP-ir and Crz-ir in OL, PFO and the cells of mandibular ganglion
(CMD). No difference was found in number or distribution of CCAP-ir or Crz-ir
between males and females. The distribution of cells, the projection of
immunoreactive fibers to several brain regions, the stomatogastric nervous
system and the neurohaemal organs indicated multiple functions of these
neuropeptides. - See more at:
Effect of road kills on wildlife populations in Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India - See more at: http://www.journalijar.com/article/8266/effect-of-road-kills-on-wildlife-populations-in-kalakad-mundanthurai-tiger-reserve,-india/#sthash.HJIk7x7m.dpuf
The effects of road traffic mortality on wild
animal populations are in many cases hard to estimate and speculate, primarily
due to the inaccuracy of the methods employed in studies. On Tiger reserve
forest roadways totally, 1450 road kills belonging to 29 species was recorded
during different seasonal road mortality in monsoon, winter, summer and
pre-monsoon seasons on selected road sections in KMTR and have critically
reviewed methods used for estimating the impact of road traffic on migrating
animals. Species-specific parameter estimates of mortality, evaluated on ordinary
and special day basis counts of road kills, road kills variables, seasonal
variations of vehicle entry were positively correlated with the mean body mass
of the species. The current status shows that high amount of road kill on
forest routes have adverse impact on forest ecosystem that result from
increased contact with humans and their behavior. - See more at:
ACTINOMYCETES FROM RICE FIELD SOIL AND THEIR ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY AGAINST RICE FUNGAL PHYTOPATHOGEN. - See more at: http://www.journalijar.com/article/8263/actinomycetes-from-rice-field-soil-and-their-antagonistic-activity-against-rice-fungal-phytopathogen./#sthash.ebl5gT4z.dpuf
A total of 125 actinomycetes isolates were
obtained from 25 rice field soil samples. All the isolates were screened for
antifungal activity against Fusarium moniliforme, Helminthosporium oryzae and
Rhizoctonia solani using in vitro dual culture bioassay. A total of 30 isolates
(24%) were displaying antagonistic activity against one or the other tested
plant pathogenic fungi. Seventeen actinomycetes isolates showed antagonistic
activity against Fusarium moniliforme, fourteen against Rhizoctonia solani and
fourteen against Helminthosporium oryzae. Two isolates R5 and Rf81 were
displaying antifungal activity against all the three tested fungi. Among the
antagonist isolates, seventeen were found to produce volatile compounds and
fifteen showed diffusible antimetabolite production. Out of these 30 isolates,
22 belonged to Streptomyces spp., 4 each to Micromonospora and Microbispora.
Four isolates (R5, R37, Rf2 and Rf81) were selected on the basis of their
antagonistic ability for field experiment . Highest inhibition of foot rot
disease was showed by R5 treatment in nursery (5.12%) and field (8.49%) over
control whereas the results of the nursery bed experiment with consortium of
R5, R37, Rf2 and Rf81 inoculation to rice seeds showed disease incidence of
6.41%. Therefore, these results suggested that actinomycete isolate R5 may be
used as a potential biocontrol agent against foot rot disease in Pusa basmati
1121. - See more at:
BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS FOR THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY.
cardiovascular disease, but information on its
association with type 2 diabetes and mild nephropathy is limited. Diabetic
nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important microvascular complications of
diabetes. Aims and objectives:- The aim of the study was to find out the
relationship between plasma total homocysteine concentration, serum folate and
vitamin B12 in diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods:- The study was conducted on total 90 subjects, out of
which 30 type 2 diabetics without nephropathy (group I), 30 type 2 diabetics
with nephropathy (group II) and 30 controls (age and sex matched) who were free
from any chronic disease. Plasma total homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12
levels were estimated along with routine biochemical parameters and compared
with healthy controls. Results:-Plasma total homocysteine levels were
significantly higher (p<0.001) in subjects with diabetic nephropathy than
without nephropathy and controls. - See more at:
TO ASSESS THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS AND FEEDING PRACTICES IN SAM CHILDREN OF GORAKHPUR AREA. - See more at: http://www.journalijar.com/article/8245/to-assess-the-epidemiological-risk-factors-and-feeding-practices-in-sam-children-of-gorakhpur-area./#sthash.6jNma5eD.dpuf
Objective:- SAM contributes to 1 million child
death every year so a study is planned to assess the epidemiological risk
factors and feeding practices in SAM children of Gorakhpur area. Methodology:-
A observational study was done on total 140 SAM patients on OPD and
hospitalised children in time duration of one year to assess risk factors and
feeding practices in form of breast feeding and complimentary feeding practices
and socioeconomic status and education status of mothers. Results:- Maximum
number of SAM children were from lower class (V) of society that is 59.1%. Out
of 137 patients 70% patients started breast feeding at the time of birth but
only 56.2% were on exclusive breast feeding up to 6 month, 79.5% continued
breast feeding up to 1 year and 52.5% continued breast feeding up to 2 years.
Introduction of semi solid food is maximum between age groups 10 to 12 months
that is 54% of total patients and only 14.3% children stared at the age of 6
month. Approximately half of SAM children (50.3%) presented with associated
acute diarrheal disease, 6.5% SAM children had respiratory tract infections,
5.1% had urinary tract infections and skin infections. Conclusion:- In our
study we found that most of SAM children were started breast feeding at birth
but only half of them continued exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. So lack
of exclusive breast feeding an delayed introduction of complimentary feeding
are measure risk factors in SAM children along with lower socioeconomic status,
lower educational status of mother and associated co-morbid conditions like
diarrhoea ,RTI, UTI and skin infections - See more at:
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