EMPOWERMENT OFTHE RURAL WOMEN THROUGH INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES. - .

The study entitled, “Empowerment of the Rural Women through Income Generating Activities”, was carried in jalalpur village of Kanpur Dehat district (Uttar Pradesh).The jalalpur village visited by me in February 2015 to May 2015 for collection of the data related to studythe rural women involved in income generating activities. Thus, 50 respondents were selected from jalalpur village of Kanpur Dehat. Maximum respondent [20%] were of the25-30, 46-50, 51-55 year age group while only 10 respondent were of 41-45 year age group.According to their occupation maximum 40% were in farming while only 10% were self-employed and 10% were having no occupation.28% were taken income generating activity for their poor economic condition and traditional practical while only 12% respondent taken income generating to busy assets.Non Monitory Benefit Maximum [30%] were respect from the society while only [8%] rural women were change cropping pattern and intensity. - See more at: .

SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION: IMPORTANT STEPS TOWARDS LONG STANDING STRUGGLE FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION. .

The aim of this paper is to make a contribution to the discourse on ostensibly unfair practice of social exclusion and examine the exclusionary nature of Indian society expressing its character sometimes in the name of religion, sometimes in the name of culture and sometimes in the garb of nationalism. The equality of opportunity and resources remains elusive despite the affirmative action by the Govt. of India and the vulnerable segments of society remain on the receiving end of injustices in the form of social boycott or exclusion. The exclusion of the poor from participation in social activities and denial of opportunities to them remain another focus of the paper. In addition, this paper makes an attempt to unravel the psychological and sociological causal factors as well as the effects of social exclusion on the psyche of those excluded. This paper is formulated with the agenda that the ideas conveyed through the paper will have a dual impact on policy makers- one, to ensure better understanding of social exclusion and two, to stimulate a discussion that will aid the policy makers to address this vital social issue to promote social inclusion and inclusive growth. We, the People of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and to secure to all its citizens; Justice, social, economic, political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and opportunity; and to promote among them all; Fraternity, assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation; In our Constituent Assembly this, twenty sixth day of November 1949 do hereby Adopt, Enact and Give to ourselves this Constitution - See moreat: .

THE FUTURE OF ONLINE SHOPPING IN INDIA. A Study of Punjab and Haryana States of India..

Today, the market place is flooded with several e-commerce options for shoppers to choose from. A variety of innovative products and services are being offered spoiling customers for choice. Online shopping is no more a privilege enjoyed by your friends and family living in the US or UK. Today, it is a reality in India. In the last couple of years, the growth of e-commerce industry in India has been phenomenal as more shoppers have started discovering the benefits of using this platform. There is enough scope for online businesses in the future if they understand the Indian shopper’s psyche and cater to their needs. Internet is changing the way consumers shop and buys goods and services, and has rapidly evolved into a global phenomenon. Many companies have started using the Internet with the aim of cutting marketing costs, thereby reducing the price of their products and services in order to stay ahead in highly competitive markets. Companies also use the Internet to convey, communicate and disseminate information, to sell the product, to take feedback and also to conduct satisfaction surveys with customers. Customers use the Internet not only to buy the product online, but also to compare prices, product features and after sale service facilities they will receive if they purchase the product from a particular store. Many experts are optimistic about the prospect of online business. In addition to the tremendous potential of the E-commerce market, the Internet provides a unique opportunity for companies to more efficiently reach existing and potential customers. Although most of the revenue of online transactions comes from business-to-business commerce, the practitioners of business-to-consumer commerce should not lose confidence. It has been more than a decade since business-to-consumer E-commerce first evolved. Scholars and practitioners of electronic commerce constantly strive to gain an improved insight into consumer behaviour in cyberspace. Along with the development of E-retailing, researchers continue to explain E-consumers’ behaviour from different perspectives. Many of their studies have posited new emergent factors or assumptions that are based on the traditional models of consumer behaviour, and then examine their validity in the Internet context. - See moreat: .

MAINTENANCE FOR MUSLIM WOMEN IN INDIA.

This paper deals with the concept of Maintenance of Women after dissolution of marriages under Muslim Law. This subject matter has been one of the most controversial ones, and has undergone many changes over the years. This paper is an attempt to look at the series of changes which this law has undergone by virtue of enactments and case laws, and to look at what the present position of law is. The paper commences with introducing the concept of maintenance in common parlance and then specifically under Muslim law. The paper explains that how initially, there was a conflict between Muslim Law and section 125of CrPC, which is a general law. In this context, the famous Shah Bano case was decided, which became one of the most landmark judgment. In an attempt to resolve the conflict and clarify the position of law, the Supreme Court in this case gave precedence to CrPC over Personal Laws. This, however, was met with a lot of resentment by the Muslim community, and under preassure, the The Muslim Women (Protection Of Rights On Divorce) Act, 1986 was passed in order to nullify the effects of the judgment. However, interpreting this Act in Daniel Latifi v. Union of India, the Supreme Court, along with declaring the Act to be constitutionally valid, interpreted the same, and clarified that the position as settled in Shah Bano Case is the correct one, and that, if the true spirit of the Act is looked into, this position shall emerge. Also, there is no conflict between CrPC and Muslim Personal Law. What these judgments and enactments contained and how the same affected the evolution of this particular law, shall be in dept elaborated in the paper being submiited. - See more at: .

A NEED OF IN-SERVICE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMME IN ALIGARH MADRASAS: A CASE STUDY.

Education is a life-long process. The teacher should continue to learn throughout his life. The International Commission on Education has further strengthened the need of in-service training program by giving a new concept of life-long education. This report states, “Every individual must be in a position to keep learning throughout his life. The idea of life-long education is the key-stone of the learning society.” In service teacher training is also a way of updating teacher’s skills and knowledge for improving teaching and learning which lead to better job performance. It is important for teachers to face new challenges and changes in the education world. It helps in fundamental aspect to improve teacher professionalism. This paper discusses the need for in-service training for teachers at Madrasas in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh. Research is based on the primary data which is collected through questionnaire and interview. - See more at:.

ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING VIRTUAL GEOINFORMATICS. .

The present paper addresses the problem as well as solutions associated with the integration of data between dissimilar administrative boundary systems. Presently, the majority of spatial boundaries are designed in an uncoordinated approach with individual boundaries to meet individual needs. When same boundary from different organisation superimposed they do not match. As a result, recent technology for analysing geospatial information such as Geographic Information System (GIS) is not reaching their full prospective. The main aim of this research is to introduce a hierarchical model to aid in the clearness between data layers both horizontally between agencies and vertically between layers in the administrative boundary hierarchy. Administrative boundaries are often used for the display and analysis of spatial information, health, wealth, population etc. The solution proposed within this research involves the reorganisation and readjustment of boundaries into one ordered system. The study area has been taken as a newly formed Bemetara district for the formation of administrative information system. Data mainly used are scanned hardcopy maps, orthorectified satellite imagery with other attribute information. The prototype WEB-GIS has been developed using various software like Arc GIS, PHP, HTML, MYSQL etc has been used. - See more at: .

USE OF INTERNET AND ITS EFFECTS ON ADOLESCENTS.

This research paper aimed at to look the use of internet and its effects on adolescents. Internet plays an important role in our lives. It provide us with a method to connect to important others in our lives.this study was conducted to establish the kinds of activities that adolescents performed on the internet and length of the time they spend on the internet in order to know the effects of internet on adolescents. The study was conducted on 100 adolescents comprising 50 boys and 50 girls of Guru Nanak Academy school of faizabad. The result revealed that boys used more internet as compare to girls. There is both positive and negative effects of internet on girls and boys. Boys had spend more time on internet than girls. Adolescents engage in internet chat rooms and reveal their personal information to people they meet online. The positive impact of Internet includes increase in knowledge, awareness and gain of more confidence. The negative aspects of the Internet include Internet addiction as well as online risks such as exposure to sexually explicit material and online victimization including harassment or cyber bullying and sexual solicitation. - See more at.