Background: Various pharmacological agents are known to create an
imbalance in the normal physiology of bone remodeling. Cyclosporine-A (Cs-A) is
one of the drugs that is widely used in transplantation and has its main side
effect as gingival hyperplasia and alveolar bone loss by their action on the
inflammatory mediators. Bisphosphonates are a new class of drugs that inhibit
bone resorption by decreasing the osteoclast activity and number. The aim of
the present study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant administration of
alendronate on cyclosporin-A induced alveolar bone loss in a rat model.
Methods: A total of forty male Wistar rats weighing 90-150 grams were randomly
divided into four groups, consisting of ten rats in each group. The study was
conducted for a period of 60 days. Group I was the control group which received
normal saline daily. Group II received subcutaneous injection of Cs-A 10mg/kg
body weight daily, Group III received subcutaneous injection of alendronate
0.3mg/kg body weight on a weekly basis. Group IV received subcutaneous
injection of both Cs-A 10mg/kg body weight and alendronate 0.3mg/kg body
weight. At the end of the study (60 days), blood samples were drawn for the
biochemical analysis to evaluate the serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and
osteocalcin levels. Simultaneously, the rats were sacrificed and the mandibles
were further processed for the morphometric analysis. Results: The morphometric
analysis exhibited an increased alveolar bone loss in Cs-A treated rats whereas
the combination (Cs-A +ALN) group showed marked inhibition of Cs-A induced
alveolar bone loss. Also, there was a distinct pattern of increased level of
biochemical markers (serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase & calcium
levels) in the combination group, though the level was found to decreased in
the Cs-A treated rats. Conclusion: Within the limits of our experimental study,
it can be concluded that Cs-A has a distinct resorptive effect on alveolar bone
and the adjunctive use of alendronate leads to a reversal of the cyclosporine
A-induced bone loss.see more
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