Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient second only after nitrogen for
plant growth and development. Its adequate amount is present in the soil but
non-utilizable by the plants because it is complexed with inorganic metal ions
or organic compounds. On an average in different soils its amount varies
between 400-1200 mg kg-1. To overcome the P nutrition requirement farmers use chemical
fertilizers which are again ineffective due to the precipitation of a larger
proportion of soluble P and also it raises the question of environmental
consideration. In such situation, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can
bring out locked P into plant assimilable form in an eco-friendly fashion. PSB
solubilize inorganic P primarily with the secretion of organic acids while
organic P is mineralized by secreted phosphatases and phytase enzymes. Several
PSB have been isolated, characterized and identified. Among these, the most
powerful strains were denominated from the genus Bacillus, Enterobacter,
Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Rhizobium and Serratia. However, the
performance of such isolates is dependent on the soil physicochemical properties
and climatic factors. Therefore, it is desirable to isolate, identify and
characterize the efficient PSB in relation to soil physicochemical and
environmental conditions for the development of soil specific bio-inoculants.
Now a day?s recombinant biotechnology is seen as a solution for any problem,
only the major goal is the identification and isolation of a concerned gene.
Thus, the best P solubilizing genes/ consortium of genes may be screened and
stably incorporated into the genome of indigenous plant growth promoting
bacteria which were adapted to a specific soil and climatic characteristic -
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